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<h1>
Milestone 0: Test Your GitLab Set-Up
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Project
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September 10, 2021
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<p>In this milestone we test that your GitLab set-up works.</p>
<h3 id="objective">Objective</h3>
<p>Testing that your GitLab repository works with our automatic grading set-up.</p>
<p>Your repository should consist of (at least) the following:</p>
<ol>
<li>A Spoofax project located in either the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">chocopy.syntax</code> (preferred) or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">chocopy</code> subfolder of your repository</li>
<li>The project should contain at least one example.</li>
<li>The project should contain at least one test.</li>
<li>Your language project builds.</li>
<li>Your language project parses a program consisting of just <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1</code>.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="submission">Submission</h3>
<p>You need to submit your ChocoPy project with a merge request on GitLab.
The <a href="../lab/1d.html#submitting-a-milestone">Git and submission documentation</a> explains how to file such a request.</p>
<p>The deadline for submission is September 10 2021, 23:59.</p>
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<h1>
Milestone 1: Syntax Complete
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Project
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September 27, 2021
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<p>In this milestone you submit your syntax definition.</p>
<h3 id="submission">Submission</h3>
<p>You need to submit your ChocoPy project with a merge request on GitLab.
The <a href="../lab/1d.html">Git and Submissions documentation</a> explains how to file such a request.</p>
<p>The deadline for submission is September 26 2021, 23:59.</p>
<h3 id="grading">Grading</h3>
<p>We grade your submission based on compliance with the ChocoPy syntax as defined in the reference manual, taking into account:</p>
<ul>
<li>lexical syntax</li>
<li>context-free syntax</li>
<li>disambiguation
<ul>
<li>associativity</li>
<li>precedence</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>layout constraints</li>
</ul>
<p>Additionally, we grade your submission manually to confirm that your SDF3 grammar is idiomatic, organized, and follows best practices. To determine whether your grammar is idiomatic, we use the following guidelines:</p>
<ul>
<li>Your grammar definition is organized.
<ul>
<li>Formatting is consistent across sections/files.</li>
<li>Grammars are split up into multiple files where appropriate.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Your grammar does not use deprecated or low-level SDF3 features.
<ul>
<li>You do not use deprecated attributes such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">{prefer}</code>.</li>
<li>You do not use bare “kernel” syntax (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">syntax</code> sections that are not explicitly <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lexical</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">context-free</code>).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Your grammar uses template syntax (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;&gt;</code>) to enable pretty-printing.</li>
<li>Your grammar uses layout constraints to parse ChocoPy.
<ul>
<li>Your grammar does not use lexical elements for layout, such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NEWLINE</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">INDENT</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DEDENT</code>.</li>
<li>Your grammar uses high-level layout constraints (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">single-line</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">newline-indent</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">align-list</code>, …) where possible.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Your grammar uses priorities and follow restrictions to disambiguate.
<ul>
<li>Your grammar does not use separate context-free sorts for the sole purpose of disambiguating.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Your grammar is as “flat” as reasonably possible.
<ul>
<li>Your grammar uses new sorts primarily for optionals, variants, or to extract out common patterns.</li>
<li>Your grammar generally uses a single sort for expressions and statements.
<ul>
<li><strong>You do not have separate <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CExpr</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expr</code> sorts.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Note: This rule is a guideline. Do not feel forced to needlessly flatten sorts if you believe introducing new ones will aid readability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The bolded section is worth repeating. The ChocoPy reference manual uses two separate expression sorts in order to disambiguate and keep compatibility with Python grammar. SDF3 is powerful enough to represent these restrictions without the need for two separate sorts. In order to keep the SDF3 grammar as idiomatic as possible, as well as aid future static analysis steps, we therefore expect you to implement expressions using a single expression sort. For some more hints on how to do this, see also <a href="../lab/2.html">the (updated) lab 2 guide</a>.</p>
<p>Your parser will automatically be graded in GitLab using SPT tests. These automated tests determine 70% of your grade for milestone 1, with the remaining 30% graded based on whether or not your grammar is idiomatic. A solution that passes all SPT tests but does not adhere to any of the above guidelines will therefore yield a 7 as final grade, whereas a less-complete implementation that follows all style guidelines closely will likely score better.</p>
<h3 id="early-feedback">Early Feedback</h3>
<p>We provide early feedback for the correctness of your syntax definition. This feedback gives you an indication which parts of your syntax definition might still be wrong. It includes a summary on how many tests you pass and how many points you earn by passing them. You have <strong>15</strong> early feedback attempts. Afterwards, you may still submit new merge requests, but you will not be able to receive feedback on them. Your final grade is based on the last submission done to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">milestone-1-submission</code> branch.</p>
<!-- #### Please use the new parser
We highly recommend you use the new layout-sensitive parser. Make sure to use the layout-sensitive variant and to update Spoofax.
If your project does not use it, there is a chance that you will fail certain tests for the early feedback/grading pipeline.
This new parser fixes a couple of bugs dealing with layout constraints not being properly recognized, and non-associative productions not producing an error. If you have written any tests for these yourself, you might need to update them. -->
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Milestone 2: Front-End Complete
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Project
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October 24, 2021
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<p>In this milestone you re-submit your syntax definition and submit your static semantic definition.</p>
<h3 id="submission">Submission</h3>
<p>You need to submit your ChocoPy project with a merge request on GitLab.
The <a href="../lab/1d.html">Git and Submissions documentation</a> explains how to file such a request.</p>
<p>The deadline for submission is October 24 2021, 23:59.</p>
<h3 id="grading">Grading</h3>
<p>We grade your submission based on compliance with the ChocoPy syntax and static semantics as defined in the reference manual. During the course of the project, you therefore get another chance to improve your score for your syntax definition.</p>
<p>Your parser and static semantics should be defined in the same Spoofax project. The grader will search for your language definition in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">chocopy.types</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">chocopy</code>, and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">chocopy.syntax</code> folders (in-order), using the first valid project it finds.</p>
<h3 id="early-feedback">Early Feedback</h3>
<p>We provide early feedback for the correctness of your syntax definition.
This feedback gives you an indication which parts of your syntax definition might still be wrong.
It includes a summary of how many tests you pass and how many points you earn by passing them.
You have <strong>15</strong> early feedback attempts. Please make your submissions to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">milestone-2-submission</code> branch.</p>
<p>We also provide you with the opportunity to improve your Syntax Definition once again, by providing Early Feedback for the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">milestone-1-feedback</code> branch again. You can choose to improve your Syntax Definition before the deadline of milestone 2, as we <strong>will</strong> include it in the grading for milestone 2. If you choose to not make a new submission, the current state of the branch will be used for the grading process. You also have <strong>15</strong> Early Feedback attempts for this part of the assignment.</p>
<h3 id="use-the-latest-spoofax">Use the latest Spoofax</h3>
<p>Please make sure that your project works on the latest Spoofax version (<a href="https://www.spoofax.dev/spoofax-pie/develop/release/download/">Spoofax 3 releases</a>). The grader will be using the most recent version to grade your project.</p>
<h3 id="general-development-procedures">General development procedures</h3>
<p>Here are some general tips you can apply when creating your static semantics definition:</p>
<ul>
<li>Do the homework exercises in WebLab and go through the slides and relevant literature, as they serve as an introduction to Statix.</li>
<li>Read the ChocoPy reference thoroughly. It helps to revisit it later to discover some edge cases.</li>
<li>Make use of the compiler on the ChocoPy website. If it compiles, it is valid semantics even if the program itself can crash (for example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">print(None)</code> is valid according to the type checker, but trying to execute this program will still result in an error).</li>
<li><strong>Write tests!</strong> We expect you to write tests for valid and invalid static semantics, as well as name resolution and type checking. A more detailed tutorial on how to write tests for your static semantics can be found in <a href="https://tudelft-cs4200.github.io/2021/lab/3b/">Lab 3B</a>.</li>
<li>Start with small examples, and work your way up.</li>
<li>Make sure to assign proper <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ref</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">type</code> properties to your AST nodes (See homework/slides).</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="debugging-statix">Debugging Statix</h4>
<p>Here are some things you can try when you are witnessing unexpected behavior in your editor:</p>
<ul>
<li>Temporarily comment out irrelevant rules/lines in Statix in order to narrow down the problem.</li>
<li>Write test cases to reproduce the problem you are facing</li>
<li>You can force the failure of a rule by using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">false</code> as a constraint. For example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">programOk(_) :- false.</code></li>
<li>You can (temporarily) log some information or variables by using the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">try { &lt;constraint&gt; } | &lt;error&gt; &lt;message&gt; &lt;location&gt;</code> constraint. For example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">programOk(program) :- try { false } | note $[Error message for [program]]@program.</code> . Here <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;error&gt;</code> takes the form of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">note</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">warning</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">error</code> (which will cause the analysis to fail), and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;location&gt;</code> is optional.</li>
<li>Draw out scope graphs on paper. Are there differences between the scope graph that is defined by your rules, and the one you expect?</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="static-semantics">Static Semantics</h3>
<p>We expect your static semantic definition to perform valid name resolution and type checking. Some things to pay extra attention to are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Inheritance</li>
<li>Nested functions</li>
<li>Global/nonlocal declarations</li>
<li>Shadowing variables, fields and function names</li>
<li>Built-in/native functions and constructors</li>
<li>List types (least upper bound)</li>
<li>Return Statements</li>
<li>Method overriding</li>
<li>Return type of void functions</li>
<li>Usage/resolution before the definition</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="a-small-note-on-types">A small note on types</h4>
<p>It is highly recommended you directly use the following types in your Statix rules:</p>
<ul>
<li>Integer: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Int()</code></li>
<li>Boolean: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Bool()</code></li>
<li>String: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String()</code></li>
<li>List of Type T: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">List(T)</code></li>
<li>Empty list type: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">EmptyList()</code></li>
<li>None type: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NoneType()</code></li>
<li>Class with name Foo and scope s: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ClassType(s, "Foo")</code></li>
<li>Function with return Type RT and a list of parameter types PTs: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">FunType(RT, PTs)</code></li>
<li>Object: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Object()</code></li>
</ul>
<p>These are the types we test for in our early feedback/grading pipeline.</p>
<p>If you use different types in your Statix rules, you need to transform (i.e. map) your types to our types. For this purpose, transformation rules in the Stratego language are given in <a href="https://tudelft-cs4200.github.io/2021/lab/3b/">Lab 3B</a>, which you have to extend/implement/test yourself to make them suitable for your type checker.</p>
<p>Write your own tests for type checking to confirm that your transformation rules work. Please include these rules in your submission, as we need them in our tests. Make sure to define a sort and the different constructors of your custom types in this file as well, so Stratego can recognize them, and match on them.</p>
<h3 id="when-all-else-fails">When all else fails…</h3>
<p>Should you run into any issues regarding Statix or the assignment, please contact us during the labs (Tuesday Lab or Wednesday Shared Study Lab) or on Mattermost.</p>
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<h1>
Milestone 3: Back-End Complete
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January 21, 2022
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<p>In this milestone you submit the code of your compiler back-end, including a short report documenting its design.</p>
<h3 id="submission">Submission</h3>
<p>You need to submit your ChocoPy project with a merge request on GitLab.
The <a href="../lab/1d.html">Git and Submissions documentation</a> explains how to file such a request.</p>
<h4 id="deadline">Deadline</h4>
<p>The deadline for submission is January 21, 2022, 23:59.</p>
<h4 id="report">Report</h4>
<p>In your submission, include a short report in PDF format. The report (a free-form document, that does not have to be very long) should document what choices you have made in your implementation, and what transformation mechanisms you have used.
Include at least descriptions of your approach to storage of intermediate values (registers or stack, register allocation), control-flow statements, calling convention, nested functions, translation of classes, and method invocation.
If you have addressed any challenges, please make sure to note that in the report and explain your approach.</p>
<p>In your report use examples to illustrate your compilation scheme. That is, small ChocoPy programs (or program fragments) and the RISC-V code they are translated to by your compiler.</p>
<h3 id="grading">Grading</h3>
<p>We grade your submission based on compliance with the ChocoPy dynamic semantics as defined in the reference manual.</p>
<h4 id="grading-components">Grading Components</h4>
<p>The grade consists of two main components for which you get a grade on a 0 - 10 scale. The components are weighted as follows.</p>
<ul>
<li>Compliance (weight: 0.8): To what extent does your back-end correctly implement the ChocoPy dynamic semantics? Compliance will be graded automatically based on a series of test programs and based on your report. Points are distributed as follows:
<ul>
<li>expressions: 2</li>
<li>statements: 2</li>
<li>basic functions: 1.5</li>
<li>nested functions: 1.5</li>
<li>objects: 2</li>
<li>lists: 1</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Challenges (weight: 0.2): Address any challenge in the implementation and describe that in your report, illustrated with examples. The grade will weigh the difficulty of the challenge and the quality of the solution. The grade will be based on your description in the report and tests that you provide in your repository. Possible challenges to address:
<ul>
<li>register allocation</li>
<li>efficient register-based calling convention</li>
<li>memory management</li>
<li>optimization</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="early-feedback">Early Feedback</h4>
<p>We provide early feedback for the correctness of your back-end.
This feedback gives you an indication which parts of your implementation might still be wrong.
It includes a summary of how many tests you pass and how many points you earn by passing them.
You have <strong>30</strong> early feedback attempts.
Please make your submissions to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">milestone-3-submission</code> branch.</p>
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